友多再访马尔康卓克基土司官寨
文/图:周小林 殷洁<br><br><font color="blue"> 2005年8月我们找了一个机会去到四川省阿坝州马尔康考察访问,期间承蒙马尔康的几位好友的盛情接待,再次感谢!</font><br>
<br>卓克基土司官寨位于成都至马尔康之间,距马尔康县城7公里。官寨依山伴水,景色秀丽,与西索嘉绒民居群落隔水相望,被国际友人赞誉为“东方建筑史上的一颗明珠”。有古诗赞曰:“丛峦叠嶂真无数,千崖万壑疆无度,故垒威峨扼重关,卓采(卓克基音译)官寨冠诸夷”。<br>
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<br>官寨修建于清朝乾隆年间,1935年7月,长征途中的毛泽东及中央机关曾在土司官寨办公住宿休整一周。那时中央领导拴坐骑的几棵柏杨树桩,至今还枝繁叶茂地挺立在卓克基中心校园内,被当地群众亲切地称为“红军树”。<br>
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<br>卓克基土司官寨将藏汉两种不同风格的建筑艺术巧妙地结合在一起。汉式四合院布局,坐西北向东南,一层是厨房和一般佣人、杂工的住房与石墙隔开的马厩。第二层是比较高级的住房,还有储藏室。第三层是土司及其家眷的卧室和高级迎客厅和别致的书屋。第四层均是琳琅满目的佛堂神殿。第五层是备战的了望室外带炮眼。整个官寨以片石砌成,极为坚固;回廊边柱及每层房楼板、梁、枋未用一钉一铆互相衔接,建筑艺术高超绝伦。官寨右侧有一片石砌成的碉楼,碉呈四方锥体,顶高与官寨相等,系土司在紧急时储藏珍贵物品及藏身防御之所,也是土司至高无上的统治权利的象征。碉楼静静地倚天矗立,犹如武士手中直刺苍穹的长剑,又如留在地上永恒的惊叹号,守望着官寨,给神奇而空旷的高原留下历史的咏叹。1988年,卓克基官寨被国务院列为第三批国家重点文物保护单位。<br>
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西索嘉绒藏族民居群落
从卓克基官寨出来,往北跨过一条山溪,就到了田园风光如诗如画的西索嘉绒藏寨。西索民居是最典型的嘉绒藏寨之一。<br>其特色一是民居建筑风格展示充分。藏寨全是三层石楼,一层饲养牲畜,二层是厨房和住宿,三层是经堂和客房,因其形状如碉,故这种建筑也称碉楼。精湛之处在于砌墙工艺,工匠们仅凭经验,不用吊线或水平仪测量,砌出的石墙如刀切般整齐,梭角十分锐利。特色之二是寨子布局奇特,错落有致,如果从卓克基官寨楼顶鸟瞰,便会惊奇地发现西索藏寨呈藏族八宝图案中的“花依”(状如“中华结”),那些在寨子中直来竖往、弯来拐去的青石板小道,把图案的线条勾画得更为鲜明。<br>
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真的挺有艺术性的,有机会一定去留下我的脚步! 怎么那栋房子看起来象是斜的? 小林到马尔康了! 好新的建筑,真伟大. 我今年暑假去那里时,那里还在装修,现在漂亮多了 看来寨子的维修对民族特色保持的不错哈 我去拍了专题片的!心情无法言语!!!!!!!!!!!!! <table width=100% bgcolor=#cccccc cellpadding=5 cellspacing=1 class=TBone><tr><td bgcolor=#293838 class=TBBG9><b>下面引用由<u>云飘飘</u>发表的内容:</b><br>
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怎么那栋房子看起来象是斜的?</td></tr></table><br>
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<font color="blue"><b>确实是斜的,更准确说,是两边对称的斜,据说这种建筑方法,有抗震功能。</b></font>
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